Creating a Bootable APFS Clone From the Command Line
Activate on-disk ownership on your disk volume with the help of vsdbutil tool.
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Create Preboot volume in APFS container disk3 that includes BackupClone[…]
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Update dyld’s shared cache on clone volume using update_dyld_shared_cache tool[…]
Personally, I would use SuperDuper or Carbon Copy Cloner to create an actual clone, but it’s instructive to see these steps using rsync and Apple tools such as vsdbutil, diskutil, and bless.
Previously: SuperDuper and APFS.