CoffeeScript
CoffeeScript (via David Heinemeier Hansson):CoffeeScript is a little language that compiles into JavaScript. Underneath all of those embarrassing braces and semicolons, JavaScript has always had a gorgeous object model at its heart. CoffeeScript is an attempt to expose the good parts of JavaScript in a simple way.
It’s actually been around since 2009, but I just heard about it because it’s now included in Rails. It looks great. JavaScript is the new Assembly.