{"id":47426,"date":"2025-04-18T13:28:37","date_gmt":"2025-04-18T17:28:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mjtsai.com\/blog\/?p=47426"},"modified":"2025-04-18T13:28:37","modified_gmt":"2025-04-18T17:28:37","slug":"the-invalid-68030-instruction-that-accidentally-allowed-the-mac-classic-ii-to-successfully-boot-up","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mjtsai.com\/blog\/2025\/04\/18\/the-invalid-68030-instruction-that-accidentally-allowed-the-mac-classic-ii-to-successfully-boot-up\/","title":{"rendered":"The Invalid 68030 Instruction That Accidentally Allowed the Mac Classic II to Successfully Boot Up"},"content":{"rendered":"

Doug Brown<\/a> (via Uli Kusterer<\/a>):<\/p>\n

This is the story of how Apple made a mistake in the ROM of the Macintosh Classic II that probably should have prevented it from booting, but instead, miraculously, its Motorola MC68030 CPU accidentally prevented a crash and saved the day by executing an undefined instruction.<\/p>

[…]<\/p>

I didn’t get very far while testing the command+power shortcut in MAME’s emulated Classic II, because I observed something very odd. It booted up totally fine in 24-bit addressing mode, but I could not get it to boot at all if I enabled 32-bit addressing, which I needed in order for MacsBug to load. It would just pop up a Sad Mac<\/a>, complete with the Chimes of Death<\/a>.<\/p>

[…]<\/p>

This meant the bus error handler was at 0x40A026F0, which is also known as GenExcps<\/em> in the ROM map. I performed a hard reset of the emulated machine, set a breakpoint on that address, and then waited until it hit the breakpoint. It looks like GenExcps<\/em> is a big list of BSR instructions that all jump to 0x40A026A0, which is common error handling code identified in the ROM map as ToDeepShit<\/em>. Nice name, Apple!<\/p>

[…]<\/p>

If you look closely at the table of branches below the JMP instruction at 0x40A43B6E, there are only 16 entries in the table, corresponding to BoxFlags 0 through 15. The Classic II is BoxFlag 17!<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

So it jumped into the middle of an instruction.<\/p>\n

The MAME-emulated Classic II was crashing because A1 didn’t change, so it still contained an invalid address. On hardware, this weird instruction, which several disassemblers refused to touch, and wasn’t even intended to be jumped to because it starts in the middle of an actual valid instruction, was changing A1 to a new value that was a good address. Was this crazy instruction accidentally fixing A1 and thus hiding a bug from Apple’s ROM developers in the early 1990s?<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

This is just an amazing story and writeup.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Doug Brown (via Uli Kusterer): This is the story of how Apple made a mistake in the ROM of the Macintosh Classic II that probably should have prevented it from booting, but instead, miraculously, its Motorola MC68030 CPU accidentally prevented a crash and saved the day by executing an undefined instruction.[…]I didn’t get very far […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"apple_news_api_created_at":"2025-04-18T17:28:40Z","apple_news_api_id":"991ce7d7-b8ac-4105-a334-0b295abeff0e","apple_news_api_modified_at":"2025-04-18T17:28:40Z","apple_news_api_revision":"AAAAAAAAAAD\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/w==","apple_news_api_share_url":"https:\/\/apple.news\/AmRzn17isQQWjNAspWr7_Dg","apple_news_coverimage":0,"apple_news_coverimage_caption":"","apple_news_is_hidden":false,"apple_news_is_paid":false,"apple_news_is_preview":false,"apple_news_is_sponsored":false,"apple_news_maturity_rating":"","apple_news_metadata":"\"\"","apple_news_pullquote":"","apple_news_pullquote_position":"","apple_news_slug":"","apple_news_sections":"\"\"","apple_news_suppress_video_url":false,"apple_news_use_image_component":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[401,770,56,733,30],"class_list":["post-47426","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-programming-category","tag-680x0","tag-assembly-language","tag-debugging","tag-emulator","tag-mac"],"apple_news_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mjtsai.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/47426","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mjtsai.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mjtsai.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mjtsai.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mjtsai.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=47426"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/mjtsai.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/47426\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":47427,"href":"https:\/\/mjtsai.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/47426\/revisions\/47427"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mjtsai.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=47426"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mjtsai.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=47426"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mjtsai.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=47426"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}