The documentation only shows one type of XCTestExpectation, but there are actually several different methods for creating them: @interface XCTestCase (AsynchronousTesting) – (XCTestExpectation *)expectationWithDescription:(NSString *)description; – (XCTestExpectation *)keyValueObservingExpectationForObject:(id)objectToObserve keyPath:(NSString *)keyPath expectedValue:(id)expectedValue; – (XCTestExpectation *)keyValueObservingExpectationForObject:(id)objectToObserve keyPath:(NSString *)keyPath handler:(XCKeyValueObservingExpectationHandler)handlerOrNil; – (XCTestExpectation *)expectationForNotification:(NSString *)notificationName object:(id)objectToObserve handler:(XCNotificationExpectationHandler)handlerOrNil; @end These are documented in XCTextCase+AsynchronousTesting.h.